TNO offers outdoor testing access for up to 4 samples (cells or modules) per 3-month period, covering devices from lab cells (min. Isc 0.2 mA) to full-size modules, and single- to triple-junction technologies, with dedicated electronics for perovskite devices. The primary site is on a rooftop in the dunes near the North Sea (Petten, 52.76°N, 4.66°E; Cfb temperate climate), with a backup setup in Eindhoven. The coastal location exposes samples to realistic wind and salt-spray stress.
Outdoor Testing
- Compatible with a wide range of PV devices:
- From small-scale lab cells to full-size modules
- From single to triple junction devices
- Locations
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- Primary setup: Petten, The Netherlands
- Backup setup: Eindhoven, The Netherlands (available if Petten setup is out of order)
- Both setups have dedicated electronics for perovskite single- and multi-junction devices
- Site Characteristics (Petten)
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- Located on the roof of a multistory building, in the dunes, close to the North Sea coastline
- Köppen-Geiger climate zone: Cfb — temperate climate, no dry season, warm summers
- Due to coastal location, samples are occasionally exposed to:
- Heavy wind loads
- Salt spray
- Instrumentation
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- Weather station
- Spectrometer
- Pyranometer
- Reference cells
- Various IV tracers:
- Maximum voltage: 40–120 V
- Maximum current: 3–9 A
- Sample Requirements for Good Results
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- Samples should be stable for at least 1 month
- Minimum short-circuit current of 0.2 mA under relevant outdoor conditions